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Morse Code

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Saved by Tim
on December 15, 2008 at 3:12:52 pm
 

Self Portrait by Samuel Morse

Samuel Finley Breese Morse

 

Summary:

 

Morse Code:  is the langage of the telegraph,  it consist of long and short electronic pules put together in an specific order to create words[1]. Since the code has gaps between the dots and dashes this code would not be considered a binary code.  A transmission would take place when an operator would transmit information to another operator by using the morse code.  Only operators who knew morse code could send and recieve messages. 

 

Telegraph:

The word telegraph was orginally referred to any device that facilitated long-distance communication[5]. Morse worked with partners Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale to design his electromechanical device, which Morse described as the "Recording Telegraph"[5]. With the help of his collegues the telegraph was born in 1836[5]. The telegraph was basically an electrical circuit consisting of a battery, key, and an electromagnet, all connected to a wire.

[8]

 

History:

 

Invented by Samuel Finley Breese Morse in the 1840's, By the 1850's morse code was the standard method of electical communication in both the United States and Europe[3]. The first transmission ever sent was from Washington to Baltimore saying "What hath God wrought?"[2]. Which Morse has created Annie Ellsworth a daughter of a good friend who suggested the message, where she found this out of the Bible Numbers 23:23 [2].

 

During his work on the telegraph, Morse needed technical, financial help and support with the congress.  He then spilt ownership on his invention of the telegraph, whith spliting the onwership with congressmen he would achieve all three.  He had a total of 16 shares, Congressman Francis Ormond jonathan 'fog' Smith had (four shares),  Technician Afred Vail (two shares),and professor of science Leonard D. Gale (one share) while he owned the rest with (nine shars) [2]. He forged an alliance that would allow him eventually to succeed.

 

Morse code had a dramatic affect on everyone of its time, it enable the general public to send telegrams to one another within seconds, instead of writing a letter witch could of taken days or weeks. This would adventually take the place of the pony express which would go out of bisness shortly after the United States adopted the telegraph[3]. The railroads benefitted a lot from this because it made the trains moe more efficiently and improved the safty of all the workers.  In America past time during the Civil War it was one of the first demonstrations of the military value of the telegraph in the control of the troops.

 

 

Usage:

 

Todays experienced operators can communicate by morse code at a rate of 20-30 words a minute.  A veteran of the United States Air Force who was in the Koren War Alan Messer, was a mose code operator. He started training at Scotts Air Force Base, Illinois. In order to  pass a class that taught morse code was 20 words a minute sending and recieving.  Which he surpassed and only two gentlemen of his class could send and recieve 40 words a minute, this was so fast only the two could understand each other. 

 

Morse's orginal code is not quite the same as the one we use today.  The "America" morse code was in wide use until the 1920's.  For international use it was modified because of a conference which was held in Berlin in 1851; this reularised the code on a more rational basis and eliminated the spaces with the letters, but equally importantfrom a European point of view it provided codes for accented letters[7].

Morse Codes

American

International

A . _ . _
B _ . . . _ . . .
C . .    . _ . _ .
D _ . . _ . .
E . .
F . _ . . . _ .
G _ _ . _ _ .
H . . . . . . . .
I . . . .
J _ . _ . . _ _ _
K _ . _ _ . _
L _____ . _ . .
M _ _ _ _
N _ . _ .
O .   . _ _ _
P . . . . . . _ _ .
Q . . _ . _ _ . _
R .    . . . _ .
S . . . . . .
T _ _
U . . _ . . _
V . . . _ . . . _
W . _ _ . _ _
X . _ . . _ . . _
Y . .   . . _ . _ _
Z . . . . _ _ . .
1 . _ _ . . _ _ _ _
2 . . _ . . . . _ _ _
3 . . . _ . . . . _ _
4 . . . . _ . . . . _
5 _ _ _ . . . . .
6 . . . . . . _ . . . .
7 _ _ . . _ _ . . .
8 _ . . . . _ _ _ . .
9 _ . . _ _ _ _ _ .
0 ______ _ _ _ _ _

[7] 

Usage Today:

 

In today's age we are more dependent on satellites and microwave radio links for high-speed data transmissions[6]. By 1999 the United States Coast Guard stopped monitoring the Morse maritime distress frequency, and the International Maritime Orgaization dropped a requirement that ships over three hundred tons have telegraph capabilities[6]. The United States did not completly kill the telegraph.  Morse code is extremely reliable and many of the Third World countries, cargo ships, and others who cannot afford ot do not wish to depend on solely on the satellite equipment[6].  In case of emergency the United States space shuttles have a tiny telegraph key on the digital control panel of their high-frequency radio[6].

 

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References:

     1. [www.morse.webmaster.sk ]

     2. [memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/sfbmhighlights01.html]

     3. [Crowley, David; Heyer, Paul. Communication in History 5th ed. Pearson Education,Inc, 2007]

     4. [www.rod.beavon.clara.net/morse.htm]

     5.[find.galegroup.com]

     6.[www.npg.si.edu]

     7.[www.rod.beavon.clara.net]

     8.[http://www.telegraph-office.com/tel_off.html]

     9.[http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm]

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